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Fowl cholera is also called avian cholera, avian pasteurellosis, avian hemorrhagic septicemia. 〔K.R. Rhoades and R.B. Rimler, Avian pasteurellosis, in "Diseases of poultry", ed. by M.S. Hofstad, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA ISBN 0-8138-0430-2, p. 141.〕 It is the most common pasteurellosis of poultry. As the causative agent is ''Pasteurella multocida'', it is considered as a zoonosis. Adult birds and old chickens are more susceptible. In parental flocks, cocks are far more susceptible than hens. 〔Hassan Iraqui, Observation on an outbreak of fowl cholera in a parental broiler flock, Azrou, Morocco, October 2007, unpublished data.〕 Besides chickens, the disease also concerns turkeys, ducks, geese, raptors, and canaries. Turkeys are particularly sensitive, with mortality ranging to 65%. 〔Alberts and Graham (1948), quoted in "Diseases of poultry", op. cit.〕 The recognition of this pathological condition is of ever increasing importance for differential diagnosis with avian influenza. ==History== The disease was first recorded in the 18th century. However it was not until the 1880s that Louis Pasteur first isolated and grew it in pure culture. Originally a disease of fowl in Europe, it was first recorded in North America in 1943-44. Since then outbreaks have been recorded almost annually in wild birds. Today, this disease is most prevalent in wild waterfowl of North America.〔Botzler. 1991. Epizootiology of Avian Cholera in Wildfowl. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Chicken Cholera was Observed by Louis pasteur by luck because it was only when he went on holiday and left his chicken with some cold vaccine to come home to find it dead he realise then the potential opportunaty to make a new vaccine 27:367-395〕 In 2011 an outbreak of avian cholera killed thousands of eider ducks in Arctic regions of Canada. Scientists are studying the outbreak and its potential to spread to Greenland.〔http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2011/01/20/north-avian-cholera-eider-ducks.html (CBC)〕〔http://www.canada.com/technology/science/Cholera+killing+thousands+ducks+Arctic/4155813/story.html (Canada.com)〕 In March of 2015, another outbreak of avian cholera killed roughly 2,000 snow geese in northern Idaho while flying their spring migration to Canada.〔http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/18/us/idaho-snow-geese-deaths/index.html〕〔http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/public/media/viewNewsRelease.cfm?newsID=7561〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fowl cholera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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